General Information
In this subject students will extend the knowledge and skills gained in earlier chemistry subjects to investigate the principal biomolecules (carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids), enzymes, and the bioenergetic basis of human metabolism (prior to, during and after exercise and training) through an examination of the major catabolic and anabolic pathways. This will include coverage of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, B-oxidation, as well as carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. In addition, the structure of a “gene” and regulation of its expression through transcriptional and translational processes will be examined. The subject will also enhance laboratory skills via use of experimental techniques such as spectrophotometry, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and western blotting.
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Details
Academic unit: Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Subject code: SPEX11-103 Subject title: Biochemistry of Exercise and Sport Subject level: Undergraduate Semester/Year: May 2023 Credit points: 10.000 -
Delivery & attendance
Timetable: https://bond.edu.au/timetable Delivery mode: Standard Workload items: - Forum: x12 (Total hours: 24) - Weekly Forums
- Forum: x12 (Total hours: 12) - Forum
- Tutorial: x12 (Total hours: 12) - Weekly tutorial
- Sports Lab: x7 (Total hours: 18) - Sports Lab
- Optional Revision: x12 (Total hours: 12) - Optional Revision
- Personal Study Hours: x12 (Total hours: 42) - Recommended Study Hours
Attendance and learning activities: -
Resources
Prescribed resources: Books
- Nelson, D.L. (2021). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 8th International ed., Macmillan Learning.
iLearn@Bond & Email: iLearn@Bond is the Learning Management System at Bond University and is used to provide access to subject materials, class recordings and detailed subject information regarding the subject curriculum, assessment, and timing. Both iLearn and the Student Email facility are used to provide important subject notifications.
Additionally, official correspondence from the University will be forwarded to students’ Bond email account and must be monitored by the student.
To access these services, log on to the Student Portal from the Bond University website as www.bond.edu.au
Academic unit: | Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine |
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Subject code: | SPEX11-103 |
Subject title: | Biochemistry of Exercise and Sport |
Subject level: | Undergraduate |
Semester/Year: | May 2023 |
Credit points: | 10.000 |
Timetable: | https://bond.edu.au/timetable |
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Delivery mode: | Standard |
Workload items: |
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Attendance and learning activities: |
Prescribed resources: | Books
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iLearn@Bond & Email: | iLearn@Bond is the Learning Management System at Bond University and is used to provide access to subject materials, class recordings and detailed subject information regarding the subject curriculum, assessment, and timing. Both iLearn and the Student Email facility are used to provide important subject notifications. Additionally, official correspondence from the University will be forwarded to students’ Bond email account and must be monitored by the student. To access these services, log on to the Student Portal from the Bond University website as www.bond.edu.au |
Enrolment requirements
Requisites: |
Pre-requisites:Co-requisites:There are no co-requisites |
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Assumed knowledge: |
Assumed knowledge is the minimum level of knowledge of a subject area that students are assumed to have acquired through previous study. It is the responsibility of students to ensure they meet the assumed knowledge expectations of the subject. Students who do not possess this prior knowledge are strongly recommended against enrolling and do so at their own risk. No concessions will be made for students’ lack of prior knowledge.
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Restrictions: |
Nil |
Assurance of learning
Assurance of Learning means that universities take responsibility for creating, monitoring and updating curriculum, teaching and assessment so that students graduate with the knowledge, skills and attributes they need for employability and/or further study.
At Bond University, we carefully develop subject and program outcomes to ensure that student learning in each subject contributes to the whole student experience. Students are encouraged to carefully read and consider subject and program outcomes as combined elements.
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Learning Outcomes provide a broad and measurable set of standards that incorporate a range of knowledge and skills that will be achieved on completion of the program. If you are undertaking this subject as part of a degree program, you should refer to the relevant degree program outcomes and graduate attributes as they relate to this subject.
Subject Learning Outcomes (SLOs)
On successful completion of this subject the learner will be able to:
- Analyse and evaluate the scientific literature relevant to the biochemistry of exercise and sports science.
- Identify and describe the structure of the principal biomolecules.
- Explain the major anabolic and catabolic pathways associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, amino acids and nucleic acids at rest, during and after exercise.
- Describe the structure of a gene and the processes by which gene expression is regulated.
- Conduct laboratory-based experiments and analyse, interpret and present the results.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Assessment
The University acknowledges that Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) tools are an important facet of contemporary life. Their use in assessment is considered in line with students’ development of the skills and knowledge which demonstrate learning outcomes and underpin study and career success. Instructions on the use of Gen-AI are given for each assessment task; it is your responsibility to adhere to these instructions.
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Assessment details
Type Task % Timing* Outcomes assessed Paper-based Examination (Closed) EOS Theory Exam 30.00% Final Examination Period 1,2,3,4 Laboratory Report Laboratory report (1500 words) 15.00% Week 5 1,2,3,5 Computer-aided Test (Closed) Test - midsemester 20.00% Week 6 1,2,3 Laboratory Report Laboratory Report (2000 words) 20.00% Week 9 1,3,5 Skills Test Laboratory test 15.00% Week 12 1,3,5 - * Assessment timing is indicative of the week that the assessment is due or begins (where conducted over multiple weeks), and is based on the standard University academic calendar
- C = Students must reach a level of competency to successfully complete this assessment.
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Assessment criteria
Assessment criteria
High Distinction 85-100 Outstanding or exemplary performance in the following areas: interpretative ability; intellectual initiative in response to questions; mastery of the skills required by the subject, general levels of knowledge and analytic ability or clear thinking. Distinction 75-84 Usually awarded to students whose performance goes well beyond the minimum requirements set for tasks required in assessment, and who perform well in most of the above areas. Credit 65-74 Usually awarded to students whose performance is considered to go beyond the minimum requirements for work set for assessment. Assessable work is typically characterised by a strong performance in some of the capacities listed above. Pass 50-64 Usually awarded to students whose performance meets the requirements set for work provided for assessment. Fail 0-49 Usually awarded to students whose performance is not considered to meet the minimum requirements set for particular tasks. The fail grade may be a result of insufficient preparation, of inattention to assignment guidelines or lack of academic ability. A frequent cause of failure is lack of attention to subject or assignment guidelines. Quality assurance
For the purposes of quality assurance, Bond University conducts an evaluation process to measure and document student assessment as evidence of the extent to which program and subject learning outcomes are achieved. Some examples of student work will be retained for potential research and quality auditing purposes only. Any student work used will be treated confidentially and no student grades will be affected.
Type | Task | % | Timing* | Outcomes assessed |
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Paper-based Examination (Closed) | EOS Theory Exam | 30.00% | Final Examination Period | 1,2,3,4 |
Laboratory Report | Laboratory report (1500 words) | 15.00% | Week 5 | 1,2,3,5 |
Computer-aided Test (Closed) | Test - midsemester | 20.00% | Week 6 | 1,2,3 |
Laboratory Report | Laboratory Report (2000 words) | 20.00% | Week 9 | 1,3,5 |
Skills Test | Laboratory test | 15.00% | Week 12 | 1,3,5 |
- * Assessment timing is indicative of the week that the assessment is due or begins (where conducted over multiple weeks), and is based on the standard University academic calendar
- C = Students must reach a level of competency to successfully complete this assessment.
Assessment criteria
High Distinction | 85-100 | Outstanding or exemplary performance in the following areas: interpretative ability; intellectual initiative in response to questions; mastery of the skills required by the subject, general levels of knowledge and analytic ability or clear thinking. |
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Distinction | 75-84 | Usually awarded to students whose performance goes well beyond the minimum requirements set for tasks required in assessment, and who perform well in most of the above areas. |
Credit | 65-74 | Usually awarded to students whose performance is considered to go beyond the minimum requirements for work set for assessment. Assessable work is typically characterised by a strong performance in some of the capacities listed above. |
Pass | 50-64 | Usually awarded to students whose performance meets the requirements set for work provided for assessment. |
Fail | 0-49 | Usually awarded to students whose performance is not considered to meet the minimum requirements set for particular tasks. The fail grade may be a result of insufficient preparation, of inattention to assignment guidelines or lack of academic ability. A frequent cause of failure is lack of attention to subject or assignment guidelines. |
Quality assurance
For the purposes of quality assurance, Bond University conducts an evaluation process to measure and document student assessment as evidence of the extent to which program and subject learning outcomes are achieved. Some examples of student work will be retained for potential research and quality auditing purposes only. Any student work used will be treated confidentially and no student grades will be affected.
Study Information
Submission procedures
Students must check the iLearn@Bond subject site for detailed assessment information and submission procedures.
Policy on late submission and extensions
A late penalty will be applied to all overdue assessment tasks unless an extension is granted by the subject coordinator. The standard penalty will be 10% of marks awarded to that assessment per day late with no assessment to be accepted seven days after the due date. Where a student is granted an extension, the penalty of 10% per day late starts from the new due date.
Academic Integrity
Bond University‘s Student Code of Conduct Policy , Student Charter, Academic Integrity Policy and our Graduate Attributes guide expectations regarding student behaviour, their rights and responsibilities. Information on these topics can be found on our Academic Integrity webpage recognising that academic integrity involves demonstrating the principles of integrity (honesty, fairness, trust, professionalism, courage, responsibility, and respect) in words and actions across all aspects of academic endeavour.
Staff are required to report suspected misconduct. This includes all types of plagiarism, cheating, collusion, fabrication or falsification of data/content or other misconduct relating to assessment such as the falsification of medical certificates for assessment extensions. The longer term personal, social and financial consequences of misconduct can be severe, so please ask for help if you are unsure.
If your work is subject to an inquiry, you will be given an opportunity to respond and appropriate support will be provided. Academic work under inquiry will not be marked until the process has concluded. Penalties for misconduct include a warning, reduced grade, a requirement to repeat the assessment, suspension or expulsion from the University.
Feedback on assessment
Feedback on assessment will be provided to students according to the requirements of the Assessment Procedure Schedule A - Assessment Communication Procedure.
Whilst in most cases feedback should be provided within two weeks of the assessment submission due date, the Procedure should be checked if the assessment is linked to others or if the subject is a non-standard (e.g., intensive) subject.
Accessibility and Inclusion Support
Support is available to students where a physical, mental or neurological condition exists that would impact the student’s capacity to complete studies, exams or assessment tasks. For effective support, special requirement needs should be arranged with the University in advance of or at the start of each semester, or, for acute conditions, as soon as practicable after the condition arises. Reasonable adjustments are not guaranteed where applications are submitted late in the semester (for example, when lodged just prior to critical assessment and examination dates).
As outlined in the Accessibility and Inclusion Policy, to qualify for support, students must meet certain criteria. Students are also required to meet with the Accessibility and Inclusion Advisor who will ensure that reasonable adjustments are afforded to qualifying students.
For more information and to apply online, visit BondAbility.
Additional subject information
Subject curriculum
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Biomolecules - CHOs
Isomers, chiral, aldose (Glucose), ketose (Fructose), L- & D- forms, glycosidic bonds, Mono-/di-/poly- saccharides, Glycogen as a CHO store in humans.
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Biomolecules - Amino acids and proteins
Amino acid (Groups = amino, carboxyl, side-chain), pKa of ionisable groups, peptide bonds, peptides and proteins. Haemoglobin as an allosteric protein; Immunoglobulin structure & function.
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Biomolecules - Lipids and Nucleic acids
Lipids = heterogeneous, fatty acids (acyl chain & carboxyl group/pKa), Glycerol, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids. Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA, nucleotides, nucleosides, nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G,U), base-pairing.
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Enzymes
Active site, Allosteric site, Enzyme kinetics (Km, Vmax, Vo, turnover number), Enzyme regulation (Allosteric , Colavent), Kinase (add phosphate), Phosphatase (remove phosphate), co-enzymes, co-factors, Hormonal regulation of glycogenolysis via covalent & allosteric mechanisms.
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Bioenergetics
Enthalpy (H), Entropy (S), Free-energy (G), Free-energy change (delta G), Standard & non-standard conditions, intermediate electron carriers, (NAD+/NADH, FAD/FADH2), REDOX (reduction/oxidation), reduction potential (E), oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor".
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis (Definition & budget), energy investment phase, energy pay-off phase, substrate-level phosphorylation, aerobic v anaerobic conditions, ATP formation, lactate formation, regulation (ATP, fructose 2,6 bisphosphate, hormonal - insulin, glucagon, epinephrine).
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Gluconeogenesis and CHO metabolism
Gluconeogenesis - Hepatic (Definition & budget), By-pass reactions, Regulation of gluconeogenesis & glycolysis (Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, ATP), Hormonal control (insulin, glucagon, epinephrine), Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway - substrate & products.
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TCA cycle
TCA = Kreb's cycle, Citric Acid Cycle (Definition & budget), REDOX reactions, substrate-level phosphorylation, Oxaloacetate as reactant & product; Pyruvate Dehydrogease (PDH) reaction = oxidative decarboxylation.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation (Definition & Budget), Mitochondria, Role of NADH & FADH2, REDOX reactions, Molecular oxygen (O2) as "terminal electron acceptor", Relationship to reduction potential, Chemiosmotic Theory, ATP synthase, ATP production per glucose, ATP/O2 ratio.
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Lipid - catabolism & anabolism; AA metabolism & urea cycle
Fatty acid catabolism (Consider acyl chains with an "odd" & "even" number of carbons) = B-oxidation (4 reactions), REDOX reactions, Role of NAD+ & FAD; ATP production & ATP/O2 ratio. Fatty acid synthase - use of NADPH as "reducing power", Reaction sequence, Saturated C-16 fatty acid (Palmitate) as product, Essential fatty acids, Synthesis of triacylglycerols. Amino acid degradation, Urea cycle.
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The gene and regulation of gene expression
The "gene" and processes of gene expression, transcription, translation, genotype, phenotype, regulation by exercise & training.